chornology of the history of Internet
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infographic includes the chornology of the internet
The history of the Internet began with the development of electronic computers in the 1950s.
- 1969
- ARPA (Advanced Research Projects Agency) goes online in December, connecting four major U.S. universities. Designed for research, education, and government organizations, it provides a communications network linking the country in the event that a military attack destroys conventional communications systems.
- 1972
- Electronic mail is introduced by Ray Tomlinson, a Cambridge, Mass., computer scientist. He uses the @ to distinguish between the sender's name and network name in the email address.
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- 1976
- Presidential candidate Jimmy Carter and running mate Walter Mondale use email to plan campaign events.
- Queen Elizabeth sends her first email. She's the first state leader to do so.
- 1982
- The word “Internet” is used for the first time.
- 1984
- Domain Name System (DNS) is established, with network addresses identified by extensions such as .com, .org, and .edu.
- Writer William Gibson coins the term “cyberspace.”
- 1985
- Quantum Computer Services, which later changes its name to America Online, debuts. It offers email, electronic bulletin boards, news, and other information.
- 1988
- A virus called the Internet Worm temporarily shuts down about 10% of the world's Internet servers.
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- 1990
- The first effort to index the Internet is created by Peter Deutsch at McGill University in Montreal, who devises Archie, an archive of FTP sites.
- 1993
- Mosaic is developed by Marc Andreeson at the National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA). It becomes the dominant navigating system for the World Wide Web, which at this time accounts for merely 1% of all Internet traffic.
- 1994
- The White House launches its website, www.whitehouse.gov.
- Initial commerce sites are established and mass marketing campaigns are launched via email, introducing the term “spamming” to the Internet vocabulary.
- Marc Andreessen and Jim Clark start Netscape Communications. They introduce the Navigator browser.
- 1996
- Approximately 45 million people are using the Internet, with roughly 30 million of those in North America (United States and Canada), 9 million in Europe, and 6 million in Asia/Pacific (Australia, Japan, etc.). 43.2 million (44%) U.S. households own a personal computer, and 14 million of them are online.
- 1997
- On July 8, 1997, Internet traffic records are broken as the NASA website broadcasts images taken by Pathfinder on Mars. The broadcast generates 46 million hits in one day.
- The term “weblog” is coined. It’s later shortened to “blog.”
- 1998
- Google opens its first office, in California.
- 1999
- College student Shawn Fanning invents Napster, a computer application that allows users to swap music over the Internet.
The number of Internet users worldwide reaches 150 million by the beginning of 1999. More than 50% are from the United States.
“E-commerce” becomes the new buzzword as Internet shopping rapidly spreads. - MySpace.com is launched.
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- 2001
- Napster is dealt a potentially fatal blow when the 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals in San Francisco rules that the company is violating copyright laws and orders it to stop distributing copyrighted music. The file-swapping company says it is developing a subscription-based service.
About 9.8 billion electronic messages are sent daily. - Wikipedia is created.
- 2004
- Internet Worm, called MyDoom or Novarg, spreads through Internet servers. About 1 in 12 email messages are infected.
- Online spending reaches a record high—$117 billion in 2004, a 26% increase over 2003.
- 2005
- YouTube.com is launched.
- 2006
- There are more than 92 million websites online.
- 2008
- In a move to challenge Google's dominance of search and advertising on the Internet, software giant Microsoft offers to buy Yahoo for $44.6 billion.
- 2012
- A major protest online in January shakes up Congressional support for anti-Web piracy measures. The protest, including a 24-hour shutdown of the English-language Wikipedia site, is over two bills, the Stop Online Piracy Act in the House and the Protect IP Act in the Senate. The main goal of both bills is to stop illegal downloading and streaming of TV shows and movies online. The tech industry is concerned that the bills will give media companies too much power to shut down websites.
